Thomas Hardy

 Thomas Hardy, a famous english novelist,poet and short story writer was born in Bockhapton , a rural area of southern part of England . In 1874 , he got married with a girl named Emma Lavinia , who later died in 1912. He started his writing when he moved to London to pursue his study , where he felt at home , and where he hated the social division the rich and the poor, the country peop and the city residences. Most of the his writings were mainly about the harsh realities of life , mostly of the poor , basically based on his own life experiences. His characters were mostly drawn from people around him , either real or fake , and his settings were in locations known to him . 

     He wrote a number of successful novels and poems, and two of which were "Tess of D' urberbille "  and " Far From The Madding Crowd"  that brought him the most memorable reputation. His writings have a huge influence on modern engEngl writing and many writers admire and inspired by him.

A Farewell to Arms

About author-

Earnest hemingway was an American novelist, short story writer and journalist. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid 1920's and the mid 1950's . He won the Nobel prize literature in 1954. He published 7 novels, six short stories collection and 2 non- fiction works . Many of his works considered as classic works of American literature.

Introduction-

          A Farewell to Arms is a typical love story of Fredrik Henry and Catherine Barkley . Their love story survives through obstacles of world war 1. It shows the Hemingway's disillusionment with the war and love. The novel depicts the realistic and unromanticised picture of war. Earnest Hemingway wants the reader to feel disillusionment of war and actually become the witnessed of the world war 1.

Title-

      The title of this novel is a master stroke of irony and one must think in terms of offering an ironic interpretation of the novel as well. It is the title of novel that catches the attention. It has two meaning. According to the critiques , the word ''Arm" refers to the 'weapon of war' and the anozano meaning is the' hand of human being' .

The American Dream

The term American Dream was coined in a best selling book in 1931 titled Epic of America. James Truslow Adams described it as " that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for every one , with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement."

      The amAmeric Dream is a belief that anyone, regardless of where they were born or what class they were born in to , can attain their own version of success in a society in which upward mobility is possible for every one.

    The American Dream is believed to be achieved through sacrifice,risk  taking and hard work, rather than by chance.

   It was aided by a number of factors that have the United States a competitive advantage over other countries. Home ownership and education are often seen as paths to achieving the American Dream.

     Though the definition of it , has changed to mean different things to different generations, it's undoubtedly part of the American ethos , and likely will be.

   It is rooted in the declaration of independence, which proclaimes that " all men are created equal" with the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. The ideals of American Dream are democracy, right, liberty, opportunity and equality.

Walt Whitman

 Walt Whitman

Walt Whitman is a well known poet , journalist and essayist of America. He is one of the most influential poets of American literature. His poetry is a perfect blend of personal emotions, realisations and the account of utmost peace reached by selfesness being a romantic or transcendental poet , Whitman has done justice to the expressionist form of poetry. 

      His major ideas are the love of nature, nature as a an all powerful entity, the importance of self , the relationship between human beings and the importance of spiritualism . 

     Apart from this, he also talked about certain physical, phycholophyc and sexual elements which were given in ameriAme poetry before him. His expression of the self is successful represented in his well known poem " Song of Myself".

Literature and it's importance

 Literature is a mirror of society . The word literature comes from the Latin word" learning, writing, grammar ". Literature is defined as books and other written works, especially those considered to have creative or artistic merit or lasting value.

Importance-

Literature is a reflection of humanity and a way for us to understand each other. The true meaning of literature is the written works in different forms such as novels, poetries, plays, stories etc. It may also consists of text based on information as well as imagination. Society acts as a role model for its writers.It also helps us to get the information regarding social,econ econ, political circumstances at a specific time period.

Enlightenment

Enlightenment is a name applied to a western intellectual and cultural movement which developed in Europe during seventeenth century and reached its peak in eighteenth century. This movement involves a trust in universal and uniform human region as the only medium to solve the crucial problems. 

    This age finds the use of reason as a way to clear the darkness of superstition, prejudice and barbarity. Further, it helps human to free themselves from their dependence on authority of unexamined traditions. 

     The age of enlightenment provided or opened a prospect of progress in life which is set in a world of universal peace and happiness. So, for the first time on the basis of enlightenment are formed in the works of Francis balcon who was an essayist and known for his moralistic and socialistic writing. Other prominent thinker is John Locke, William Godwin and so on.

     German philosopher , Immanuel Kant give the definition in his essay "what is enlightenment?" Written in 1974.

     According to Kant, Enlightenment is 

"about liberation of mankind that made human free from minorities".

Kant- "self cost state of minority".

The enlightenment category of the universal was central to eighteenth century thinkers who were trying to transend national, linguistics or other divisions. These writers has given radical social critiques and shown the derogatory sides of all concepts such as race, sex, ethnicity and class . They ridiculous all social binaries and concepts in their writings.

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